Peregrine Mission 1: Lunar spacecraft suffers ‘critical loss of propellant’ | Science & Tech News

A spacecraft which was heading for the moon has suffered a “critical loss of propellant”, the company behind it has said.

It appears there has been a “failure within the propulsion system”, Astrobotic added.

It said its team was trying to stabilise Peregrine Mission 1, but “given the situation” it is prioritising “maximising the science and data” that can be captured.

It is also looking at “alternative mission profiles”.

Just half an hour earlier, Astrobotic said communication had been re-established after a “blackout” when the battery ran very low.

Peregrine Mission 1’s solar panels were also pointing away from the sun.

Its team used an “improvised manoeuvre” which pointed Peregrine’s “solar array” back towards the sun, it said in a post on X.

“We are now charging the battery,” the company added.

Peregrine Mission 1 took off in Florida on a new Vulcan rocket at 7.18am UK time.

It is intended to be the first US spacecraft to land on the moon’s surface since Apollo 17 in 1972 and appeared to lift off into space as planned.

Astrobotic previously said Peregrine “successfully” separated from the rocket but an “anomaly” had occurred.

The propulsion problem threatened the “ability of the spacecraft to soft land on the moon”, it admitted.

A landing had been scheduled for 23 February.

An illustration provided by Astrobotic Technology depicting the Peregrine lunar lander on the surface of the moon. Pic: Astrobotic Technology via AP
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An illustration depicting the Peregrine lunar lander on the surface of the moon. Pic: Astrobotic Technology via AP

Follow as it happened: Updates as Peregrine Mission-1 blasted off

NASA has paid Astrobotic, a space logistics start-up, $108m (£85m) for five scientific instruments to be carried to the moon – a fraction of the cost of launching its own mission.

The lander, which is the size of a garden shed, is also carrying the remains of several Star Trek cast members and the DNA of former US presidents including John F Kennedy.

Astrobotic chief executive John Thornton has previously said the craft will spend 12 days in transit between the Earth and lunar orbit but the bulk of the time will be waiting, circling the moon for the “local lighting conditions” of the team’s landing site to be correct.

In its first update on the issue on X, Astrobotic said on Monday that after successfully separating from United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan rocket, the Peregrine lander began receiving telemetry via NASA.

“After successful propulsion systems activation, Peregrine entered a safe operational state,” it went on.

“Unfortunately, an anomaly then occurred, which prevented Astrobotic from achieving a stable sun-pointing orientation.”

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It’s unclear what has gone wrong

This had looked like a dream start to the Peregrine Mission.

But its future now hangs in the balance.

Astrobotic says the spacecraft isn’t in a “stable sun-pointing orientation”.

That suggests its solar panels won’t be harvesting anywhere near enough solar energy and if the company can’t quickly stabilise the lunar lander it will lose power.

It’s unclear what has gone wrong.

Everything seemed to be working perfectly. When mission controllers woke up the spacecraft, after it was released from the launch rocket, everything performed as expected.

It’s possible that there is a problem with the sensors the spacecraft uses to orientate its position using the sun and stars. Or perhaps there is a software glitch.

Astrobotic will be trying to work a solution. If it’s hardware, can they use a back-up system? If it’s software, can they upload new computer code to correct the bug?

They’ll be doing everything they can to save the mission.

Part of the reason for the renewal of interest in lunar missions is the discovery of water on the moon, which could hydrate astronauts and be a source of oxygen and fuel – saving future missions from having to store their own supplies.

It is hoped the moon could provide a staging post for missions to Mars or even beyond.

Controversy over human remains

The Peregrine mission has attracted controversy because of some of its commercial payloads.

Among the remains on board are those of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenbury – along with his wife and son – as well as icons from the show Nichelle Nichols, James Doohan and DeForest Kelley, who played Nyota Uhura, Montgomery Scott and Dr Leonard McCoy.

The DNA of former US presidents George Washington, Dwight Eisenhower and John F Kennedy are also being transported.

 Vulcan rocket launches on its debut flight from Cape Canaveral
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The launch happened on Monday morning

The Navajo Nation of Native Americans had written to NASA demanding the launch should be delayed because there will be capsules on board containing human remains.

The nation’s president, Buu Nygren, said sending cremated remains to the moon “is tantamount to the desecration of this sacred space”.

Eyebrows have also been raised over other commercial payloads.

The delivery company DHL is launching its MoonBox programme, taking mementoes such as photos, novels and even a sample of Mount Everest to the lunar surface.

Astrobotic has shrugged off criticism of the mission’s commercial cargo.

“To be leading America back to the surface of the moon is a momentous honour,” said Mr Thornton.